[translation-san] {C,MSA,MV,GD} śabda

[translation-san] {MSA} ghoṣa

[translation-san] {MSA} svara

[translation-san] {C,MSA,MV} ruta

[translation-san] {C} āyatana

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} sound; term; roar

[translation-eng] {C} voice; message; sense-field; occasion for; source; voice; meaningful sound; sounds; language; vocal sounds; speech; {GD:681} verbal testimony

[comments] Comment: This is one of the five divisions of external matter (phyi'i bem po): form (gzugs); sound (sgra); smell (dri); taste (ro); tangible object (reg bya). Assertions on sounds assume considerable importance in Buddhist tenet systems since they provide an avenue for discounting non-Buddhist assertions that the sounds of the Vedas are eternally authoritative. Buddhist systems emphasize that sounds do not of their accord express their meanings but are arbitrary conventions.

• [bod] sgra chos can mi rtag ste byas pa'i phyir
• [eng] the subject, sound, is impermanent because of being a product