mahākalpa. The great kalpa, from the beginning of a universe till it is destroyed and another begins in its place. It has four kalpas or periods known asvivarta成劫 the creation period;vivarta‐siddha住劫 the appearance of sun and moon, i.e. light, and the period of life, human and general;saṃvarta壞劫 or 滅劫 destruction first by fire, then water, then fire, then deluge, then a great wind, i.e. water during seven small kalpas, fire during 56 and wind one, in all 64;saṃvartatthāhi増滅劫 total destruction gradually reaching the void. A great kalpa is calculated as eighty small kalpas and to last 1,347,000,000 years.