Vikāra [fr. vi+kṛ] 1. change, alteration, in mahā˚ great change Vism 366, 367 (of two kinds: anupādiṇṇa & upādiṇṇa, or primary & secondary, i. e. the first caused by kappa -- vuṭṭhāna, the second by dhātu -- kkhobha); KhA 107 (vaṇṇa˚). -- 2. distortion, reversion, contortion, in var. connections, as kucchi˚stomach -- ache Vin i.301; bhamuka˚ frowning DhA iv.90; raukha˚ grimace, contortion of the face, J ii.448; PvA 123; hattha˚ hand -- figuring, signs with the hand, gesture Vin i.157 (+hattha -- vilanghaka)=M i.207 (reads vilangaka); Vin v.163 (with other similaṛ gestures); J iv.491; v.287; vi.400, 489. -- Kern.Toev. s. v. vikāra is hardly correct in translating hattha -- vikārena at Vin i.157 by "eigenhandig," i. e. with his own hand. It has to be combd with hattha -- vilanghakena. -- 3. perturbation, disturbance, inconvenience, deformity Vin i.271, 272 (˚ŋ sallakkheti observe the uneasiness); Miln 224 (tāvataka v. temporary inconvenience), 254 (˚vipphāra disturbing influence); SnA 189 (bhūta˚ natural blemish). -- 4. constitution, property, quality (cp. Cpd. 1572, 1681) Vism 449 (rūpa˚ material quality); VvA 10 (so correct under maya in P.D. vol. iii. p. 147). -- 5. deception, fraud PvA 211 (=nikati). -- Cp. nibbikāra.