Utu (m. & nt.) [Vedic ṛtu special or proper time, with adj. ṛta straight, right, rite, ṛti manner to Lat. ars "art", Gr. damar(t), further Lat. rītus (rite), Ags. rīm number; of *ar to fit in, adjust etc. q. v. under appeti] -- 1. (lit.) (a) (good or proper) time, season: aruṇa -- utu occasion or time of the sun( -- rise) DhA i.165; utuŋ gaṇhāti to watch for the right time (in horoscopic practice), to prognosticate ibid. sarīraŋ utuŋ gaṇhāpeti "to cause the body to take season", i. e. to refresh the body by cool, sleep, washing etc. J iii.527; DA i.252. -- (b) yearly change, time of the year, season Vism 128. There are usually three seasons mentioned, viz. the hot, rainy and wintry season or gimha, vassa & hemanta A iv.138; SnA 317. Six seasons (in connection with nakkhatta) at J v.330 & vi.524. Often utu is to be understood, as in hemantikena (scil. utunā) in the wintry season S v.51. -- (c) the menses SnA 317; J v.330 (utusinātāya read utusi nhātāya; utusi loc., as expld. by C. pupphe uppanne utumhi nahātāya). -- 2. (applied in a philosophical sense: one of the five fold cosmic order, physical change, physical law of causation (opp. kamma), physical order: see Asl. 272 f.; Dialogues, II, 8, n.; Kvu trsln. 207; cp. Mrs. Rh. D. Buddhism, p. 119 f., Cpd. 161, Dhs trsln. introd. xvii; & cp. cpds. So in connection with kamma at Vism 451, 614; J vi.105 (kamma -- paccayena utunā samuṭṭhitā Veraraṇī); perhaps also at Miln 410 (megha ututo samuṭṭhahitvā).

-- āhāra physical nutriment (cp. Dhs trsln. 174) PvA 148. -- ûpasevanā seasonable activity, pursuit (of activities) according to the seasons, observance of the seasons Sn 249 (= gimhe ātapa -- ṭṭhāna -- sevanā vasse rukkha -- mūla -- sevanā hemante jalappavesa -- sevanā SnA 291). -- kāla seasonable, favourable time (of the year) Vin i.299; ii.173. -- ja produced by the seasons or by physical change Miln 268 (kamma˚, hetu˚, utu˚); Vism 451. -- nibbatta coming to existence through physical causes Miln 268. -- pamāṇa measure of the season, i. e. the exact season Vin i.95. -- pariṇāma change (adversity) of the season (as cause of disease) S iv.230; A ii.87; iii.131; v.110; Miln 112, 304; Vism 31. -- parissaya danger or risk of the seasons A iii.388. -- pubba festival on the eve of each of the (6) seasons J vi.524. -- vāra time of the season, ˚vārena ˚vārena according to the turn of the season J i.58. -- vikāra change of season Vism 262. -- veramanī abstinence during the time of menstruaīion Sn 291 (cp. SnA 317). -- saŋvacchara the year or cycle of the seasons, pl. ˚ā the seasons D iii.85 = A ii.75; S v.442. The phrase utusaŋvaccharāni at Pv ii.955 is by Dhammapāla taken as a bahuvrīhi cpd., viz. cycles of seasons & of years, i. e. vasanta -- gimh ādike bahū utū ca citta -- saŋvaccharɔadi bahūni saŋvaccharāni ca PvA 135. Similarly at J v.330 (with Cy). -- sappāya suitable to the season, seasonable DhA 327. -- samaya time of the menses SnA 317.