Ussada [most likely to ud + syad; see ussanna]: this word is beset with difficulties, the phrase satt -- ussada is applied in all kinds of meanings, evidently the result of an original application & meaning having become obliterated. satt˚ is taken as *sapta (seven) as well as *sattva (being), ussada as prominence, protuberance, fulness, arrogance. The meanings may be tabulated as follows: (1) prominence (cp. Sk. utsedha), used in characterisation of the Nirayas, as "projecting, prominent hells", ussadanirayā (but see also below 4) J i.174; iv.3, 422 (pallankaŋ, v. l. caturassạŋ, with four corners); v.266. -- adj. prominent ThA 13 (tej -- ussadehi ariyamaggadhammehi, or as below 4?). -- 2. protuberance, bump, swelling J iv.188; also in phrase sattussada having 7 protuberances, a qualification of the Mahāpurisa D iii.151 (viz. on both hands, feet, shoulders, and on his back). -- 3. rubbing in, anointing, ointment; adj. anointed with ( -- ˚), in candan˚ J iii.139; iv.60; Th 1, 267; Vv 537; DhA i.28; VvA 237. -- 4. a crowd adj. full of ( -- ˚) in phrase sattussada crowded with (human beings) D i.87 (cp. DA i.245: aneka -- satta -- samākiṇṇa; but in same sense BSk. sapt -- otsada Divy 620, 621); Pv iv.18 (of Niraya = full of beings, expld. by sattehi ussanna uparûpari nicita PvA 221. -- 5. qualification, characteristic, mark, attribute, in catussada "having the four qualifications (of a good village)" J iv.309 (viz. plenty of people, corn, wood and water C.). The phrase is evidently shaped after D i.87 (under 4). As "preponderant quality, characteristic" we find ussada used at Vism 103 (cf. Asl. 267) in combns. lobh˚, dos˚, moh˚, alobh˚ etc. (quoted from the "Ussadakittana"), and similarly at VvA 19 in Dhammapāla's definition of manussa (lobhɔādīhi alobhɔādīhi sahitassa manassa ussannatāya manussā), viz. sattā manussa -- jātikā tesu lobhɔ<-> ādayo alobhɔādayo ca ussadā. -- 6. (metaph.) self -- elevation, arrogance, conceit, haughtiness Vin i.3; Sn 515, 624 (an˚ = taṇhā -- ussada -- abhāvena SnA 467), 783 (expld. by Nd1 72 under formula sattussada; i. e. showing 7 bad qualities, viz. rāga, dosa, moha etc.), 855. -- See also ussādana, ussādeti etc.