Pubba2 (adj.) [Vedic pūrva, to Idg. *per, see pari & cp. Goth. fram=from; Gr. pro/mos first, Goth. fruma=As. formo first, Av. pourvō, also Sk. pūrvya=Goth. frauja =Ohg. frō Lord, frouwa=Ger. frau. See also Lat. prandium, provincia] previous, former, before. The adj. never occurs in abs. forms by itself (for which see pubbaka), it is found either as -- ˚ or ˚ -- or in cases as adv. The phrase pubbam antam anissita Sn 849 is poetical for pubbantam. -- 1. ( -- ˚) having been before J iii.200; na diṭṭha˚ not seen before Nd1 445; mātabhūta˚ formerly (been) his mother PvA 79; vuttha˚ (gāma) formerly inhabited DhA i.15; as adv.bhūtapubbaŋ before any beings (existed) Vin i.342; DhA i.102 and passim (see bhūta). -- 2. (neg.) apubba (nt.) what has not been before, something new VvA 117, 287. acc. as adv. in phrase apubbaŋ acarimaŋ not earlier, not after, i. e. simultaneously M iii.65; Pug 13 (=apure apacchā, ekappahāren' evâti attho PugA 186). <-> 3. (cases adverbially) instr. pubbena in ˚âpara gradual M iii.79; acc. pubbaŋ see 1, 2, with abl. as prep.= before SnA 549 (=purā); loc. pubbe in earlier times (also referring to previous births, cp. pure), in the past, before S iv.307; Sn 831, 949 (with pacchā & majjhe, i. e. future & present); Pvi.31; ii.22; SnA 290, 385, 453; PvA 4, 10, 39, 40, 100. With abl. as prep.= before S ii.104. In compn with ˚nivāsa see sep. An old acc. f. *pūrvīŋ (cp. Prk. puvviŋ Pischel, Gr. § 103) we find in Cpd. anupubbikathā (q. v.). The compar. pubbatara ("quite early") occurs abs. at S iv. 117 as nom. pl. "ancestors" (cp. Gr. oi( pro/teroi), as loc. adv. at S i.22.   -- angin in f. ˚angī (cāru˚) at J v.4 & vi.481 read sabbangin. -- aṇṇa "first grain," a name given to the 7 kinds of grain, as distinguished from aparaṇṇa, the 7 sorts of vegetables, with which it is usually combined; Vin iii.151; iv.267; Nd1 248 (where the 7 are enumd); Nd2 314; J ii.185; Miln 106; DA i.78, 270; DhA iv.81 etc. (see aparaṇṇa). See also bīja -- bīja. -- aṇha the former part of the day, forenoon, morning (as contrasted with majjhaṇha & sāyaṇha) D i.109, 226; A i.294; iii.344; S i.76 (˚samayaŋ); SnA 139 (id.); DhA iii.98; PvA 61, 216. The spelling pubbanha M i.528 (cp. Trenckner, Notes 80). -- anta (1) the East J i.98 (˚ato aparantaŋ aparantato pubbantaŋ gacchati from E. to W. from W. to E.); v.471. -- (2) the Past (opp. aparanta the Future) D i.12 sq.; S ii.26; Nd1 212; Dhs 1004. pubbam antaŋ for pubbantaŋ is poetical at Sn 849. -- ˚ânudiṭṭhi theory concerning the past or the beginning of things D i.13 (cp. DAi.103); M ii.233; S iii.45; Dhs 1320. -- aḷha(ka) (āḷhaka) at Th 2, 395 isdoubtful. T. reads bubbuḷaka, Mrs. Rh. D. translates "bubble of film"; ThA 259 explns by "ṭhita -- jalapubbaḷha -- sadisa." -- ācariya (1) an ancient teacher, a scholar of previous times A i.132; ii.70; It 110; Vism 523=VbhA 130; KhA 11, 64, 65. -- (2) a former teacher SnA 318. -- āciṇṇa ( -- vasena) by way of former practice, from habit SnA 413. -- âpara (1) what precedes and what follows, what comes first and what last (with ref. to the successive order of syllables and words in the text of the Scriptures) A iii.201 (˚kusala); Dh 352; Nett 3 (˚ânusandhi); cp. BSk. pūrvāpareṇa vyākhyānaŋ karoti "expld in due order" AvŚ ii.20. -- (2) ˚rattaŋ "as in the former, so in the foll. night," i. e. without ceasing, continuous Th 1, 413. cp. pub baratt -- âparattaŋ DhA iv.129. -- âpariya former & future, first & last Ud 61 (˚vivesa); -- ābhoga previous reflection ThA 30. -- ārāma "Eastern Park," N. of a locality east of Sāvatthi Aiii.344; Sn p. 139 (cp. Sn A 502). -- āsava former intoxication Sn 913, cp. Nd1 331. -- uṭṭhāna getting up before (someone else) either applied to a servant getting up before the master, or to a wife rising before her husband VvA 71, 136. -- uṭṭnāyin "getting up earlier" (with complementary Ep. pacchā -- nipātin "lying down later"), see above D i.60; iii.191; A iii.37; iv.265 sq.; DA i.168. -- abstr. ˚uṭṭhāyitā J iii.406 (˚ādīhi pañcahi kalyāṇa dhammehi samannāgatā patidevatā)=v.88; KhA 173. -- uttara (1) preceding and following Kacc. 44. 47. -- (2) "eastnorthern," i. e. north -- eastern J v.38 (˚kaṇṇa N.E. corner);vi.519 (id.). -- kamma a former deed, a deed done in a former existence Cp. iii.113. -- kārin "doing before," i. e. looking after, obliging, doing a favour Ai.87; Pug 26 (=paṭhamaŋ eva kāraka PugA 204) PvA 114. -- kicca preiiminary function Vin v.127 (cattāro pubbakiccā); cp. Cpd. 53. -- koṭṭhaka "Eastern Barn," Npl. A iii.345. -- (n)gama (1) going before, preceding A iii.108 (okkamane p.); M iii.71 sq. <-> (2) "allowing to go before"; controlled or directed by, giving precedence Dh 2 (mano˚ dhammā=tena paṭhama -- gāminā hutvā samannāgatā DhA i.35); Nd2 318; Pug 15 (paññā˚ ariyamagga=paññaŋ pure -- cārikaŋ katṿā PugA 194); Sdhp 547 (paññā˚). Cp. BSk. pūrvangama Divy 333 ("obedient" Index). -- carita former life SnA 382, 385. -- ja born earlier, i. e. preceding in age PvA 57 (=jeṭṭhaka). -- ñāti former relative PvA 24. -- deva a former god, a god of old, pl. the ancient gods (viz. the Asuras) S i.224. -- devatā an ancient deity A ii.70; It 110 (v. l. ˚deva). -- nimitta "previous sign," a foregoing sign, prognostic, portent. forecast It 76 (the 5 signs of decay of a god); J i.11 (the 32 signs at the conception of a Buddha, given in detail on p. 51), 48; Miln 298 (of prophetic dreams, cp. Cpd. p. 48); VbhA 407 (in dreams); DhA ii.85. -- pada the former, or antecedent, part (of a phrase) DhsA 164. -- parikamma a former action SnA 284 (opp. to pacchā -- parikamma). -- purisaancestor D i.93, 94. -- peta a deceased spirit, a ghost (=peta) D i.8 (˚kathā, cp. DA i.90 & Dial. i.14). pubbe pete is poetical at Pv i.41 for pubbapete. Cp. BSk. pūrvapreta AvŚ i.149 (see Index p. 230); Divy 47, 97. -- bhāga "former part," i. e. previous PvA 133 (˚cetanā opp. apara -- bhāga -- cetanā. SS omit bhāga). -- bhāsin speaking obligingly (cp. pubbakārin) D i.116 (trsl. "not backward in conversation"), DA i.287 (bhāsanto va paṭhamataraŋ bhāsati etc.). -- yoga "former connection, " i. e. connection with a former body or deed, former action (and its result) J v.476; vi.480; Miln 2 (pubbayogo ti tesaŋ pubba -- kammaŋ). Kern, Toev. s. v. remarks that it is frequent in BSk. as pūrvayoga (yoga=yuga; syn. with pūrvakalpa), e. g. Saddh. Puṇḍ. ch. vii.; MVastu ii.287;iii.175; and refers to Ind. Studien 16, 298; J.R.A.S. 1875, 5. -- rattâparattaŋ the past and future time, the whole time, always A iii.70; DhA iv.129. -- vāsanaan impression remaining in the mind from former actions Sn 1009; ThA 31 (Ap. v. 8). -- videha Eastern Videha KhA 123, 176; SnA 443. -- sadisa an old (former) friend DhA i.57.