káraṇa (once karaṇá RV. i, 119, 7) mf(ī)n doing, making, effecting, causing (esp. ifc
• cf. antakaraṇa, uṣṇaṃ-k○, &c.) R. &c
• clever, skilful RV. i, 119, 7
• m. a helper, companion AV. vi, 46, 2 ; xv, 5, 1-6 ; xix, 57, 3
• a man of a mixed class (the son of an outcast Kshatriya Mn. x, 22
• or the son of a Śūdra woman by a Vaiśya Yājñ. i, 92
• or the son of a Vaiśya woman by a Kshatriya MBh. i, 2446 ; 4521
• the occupation of this class is writing, accounts &c.) a writer, scribe W
• (in Gr.) a sound or word as an independent part of speech (or as separated from the context
• in this sense usually n.) Kāś. on Pāṇ. 3-1, 41 Pat. Comm. on RPrāt
• (in mus.) a kind of time Kum. vi, 40
• (ī), f. a woman of the above mixed tribe Yājñ. i, 95
• (with sutā) an adopted daughter R. (ed. Gorr.) i, 19, 9
• (in arithm.) a surd or irrational number, surd √
• the side of a square, Śulbas. Comm. on VS
• a particular measure Comm. on KātyŚr
• a particular position of the fingers
• (am), n. the act of making, doing, producing, effecting ŚBr. MBh. &c. (very often ifc., e.g. muṣṭi-k○, virūpa-k○)
• an act, deed RV
• an action (esp. a religious one) Yājñ. i, 250 R
• the special business of any tribe or caste L
• a calculation (esp. an astronomical one) VarBṛS
• an astrological division of the day (these Karaṇas are eleven, viz. vava, valava, kaulava, taitila, gara, vaṇija, viṣṭi, śakuni, catuṣpada, kintughna, and nāga, two being equal to a lunar day
• the first seven are called a-dhruvāṇi or movable, and fill, eight times repeated, the space from the second half of the first day in the moon's increase to the first half of the fourteenth day in its wane
• the four others are dhruvāṇi or fixed, and occupy the four half-days from the second half of the fourteenth day in the wane of the moon to the first half of the first day in its increase) VarBṛS. Suśr. &c
• pronunciation, articulation, APrāt
• (in Gr.) a sound or word as an independent part of speech, separated from its context Pāṇ. Kāś. &c., (karaṇa may be used in this way like kāra e.g. iti-karaṇa ŚāṅkhŚr.)
• the posture of an ascetic
• a posture in sexual intercourse
• instrument, means of action ŚvetUp. Yājñ. Megh
• an organ of sense or of speech VPrāt. PārGṛ
• (in law) an instrument, document, bond Mn. viii, 51 ; 52 ; 154
• (in Gr.) the means or instrument by which an action is effected, the idea expressed by the instrumental case, instrumentality Pāṇ. 1-4, 42 ; ii, 3, 18 ; iii, 2, 45
• cause (= kāraṇa)
• a spell, charm Kathās. (cf. karaṇa-prayoga)
• rhythm, time Kum
• body Megh. Kum. Kād
• N. of a treatise of Varāha-mihira on the motion of the planets
• of a work belonging to the Śiva-darśana
• a field L
• the mind, heart W. (cf. antaḥ-karaṇa)
• grain W

karaṇa &c. p. 254, col. 1