Caṇḍāla1 [Vedic caṇḍāla] a man of a certain low tribe, one of the low classes, an outcaste; grouped with others under nīcā kulā (low born clans) as caṇḍālā nesādā veṇā rathakārā pukkusā at A i.107=ii.85=Pug 51. As caṇḍāla -- pukkusā with the four recognized grades of society (see jāti & khattiya) at A i.162. -- Vin iv.6; M ii.152; S v.168 sq. (˚vaŋsa); A iii.214, 228 (brāhmaṇa˚); iv.376; J iv.303; PvA 175; Miln 200. -- f. caṇḍālī A iii.226; Pv iii.113; DhA ii.25. See also pukkusa.