Adho (adv.) [Vedic adhaḥ; compar. adharaḥ = Lat. inferus, Goth. undar, E. under, Ind. *n̊dher -- ; superl. adhamaḥ = Lat. infimus] below, usually combd. or contrasted with uddhaŋ "above" and tiriyaŋ "across", describing the 3 dimensions. -- uddhaŋ and adho above and below, marking zenith & nadir. Thus with uddhaŋ and the 4 bearings (disā) and intermediate points (anudisā) at S i.122; iii.124; A iv.167; with uddhaŋ & tiriyaŋ at Sn 150, 537, 1055, 1068. Expld. at KhA 248 by heṭṭhā and in detail (dogmatically & speculatively) at Nd2 155. For further ref. see uddhaŋ. The compn. form of adho before vowels is adh˚.

-- akkhaka beneath the collar -- bone Vin iv.213. -- agga with the points downward (of the upper row of teeth) J v.156 (+ uddh˚ expld. by uparima -- danta C.). -- kata turned down, or upside down J i.20; vi.298. -- gata gone by, past. Adv. ˚ŋ since (cp. uddhaŋ adv. later or after) J vi.187 (ito māsaŋ adhogataŋ since one month ago). -- gala (so read for T. udho˚) down the throat PvA 104. -- mukha head forward, face downward, bent over, upturned Vin ii.78; M i.132, 234: Vv 161 (= heṭṭhā mukha VvA 78). -- bhāga the lower part (of the body) M i.473; DhA i.148. -- virecana action of a purgative (opp. uddha˚ of an emetic) D i.12; DA i.98 (= adho dosānaŋ nīharaṇaŋ); DhsA 404. -- sākhaŋ (+ uddhamūlaŋ) branches down (& roots up, i. e. uprooted) DhA i.75. -- sira (adj.) head downward J iv.194. -- siraŋ (adv.) with bowed head (cp. avaŋsiraŋ) J vi.298 (= siraŋ adhokatvā heṭṭhāmukho C.). -- sīsa (adj.) head first, headlong J i.233; v.472 (˚ka).