The five wrong views: (1) 身見satkāya-dṛṣṭi, i. e. 我見 and 我所見 the view that there is a real self, an ego, and a mine and thine: (2) 邊見antar-grāha, extreme views. e. g. extinction or permanence; (3) 邪見mithyā, perverse views, which, denying cause and effect, destroy the foundations of morality; (4) 見取見dṛṣṭi-parāmarśa, stubborn perverted views, viewing inferior things as superior, or counting the worse as the better; (5) 戒禁取見śīla-vrata-parāmarśa, rigid views in favour of rigorous ascetic prohibitions, e. g. covering oneself with ashes. Cf. 五利使.