Mukha (nt.) [Vedic mukha, fr. Idg. *mu, onomat., cp. Lat. mu facere, Gr. muka/omai, Mhg. mūgen, Lat. mūgio to moo (of cows), to make the sound "moo"; Ohg. māwen to cry, muckazzen to talk softly; also Gr. mu_qos word, "myth"; Ohg. mūla=Ger. maul; Ags. mule snout, etc. Vedic mūka silent, dumb=Lat. mutus=E. mute] 1. the mouth Sn 608, 1022 (with ref. to the long tongue, pahūta -- jivha, of the Buddha or Mahāpurisa); J ii.7; DA i.287 (uttāna˚ clear mouthed, i. e. easy to understand, cp. D i.116); PvA 11, 12 (pūti˚), 264 (mukhena). -- 2. the face J vi.218 (uṇṇaja m.); PvA 74, 75, 77; ˚ŋ karoti to make a face (i. e. grimace) Vism 343. -- adho˚ face downward Vin ii.78; opp. upari˚ (q. v.); assu˚ with tearful face Dh 67; PvA 39; see assu. -- dum˚ (adj.) sad or unfriendly looking J ii.393; vi.343; scurrilous J v.78; bhadra˚ brightfaced PvA 149; ruda˚ crying Pv i.112. -- 3. entrance, mouth (of a river) Mhvs 8, 12;āya˚ entrance (lit. opening), i. e. cause or means of income DA i.218; ukkā˚ the opening of a furnace, a goldsmith's smelting pot A i.257; Sn 686; J vi.217; 574. ubhato -- mukha having 2 openings M i.57. sandhi˚ opening of the cleft PvA 4. Hence: -- 4. cause, ways, means, reason, by way of J iii.55 by way of a gift (dānamukhe); iv.266 (bahūhi mukhehi). -- apāya˚ cause of ruin or loss A ii.166; iv.283. -- 5. front part, front, top, in īsā˚ of the carriage pole S i.224=Ji.203. Hence: -- 6. the top of anything, front, head, best part; adj. topmost, foremost Sn 568 (aggihutta -- mukhā yaññā), 569 (nakkhattānaŋ mukhaŋ cando; cp. Vin i.246); VbhA 332 (=uttamaŋ, mukha -- bhūtaŋ vā). -- Der. adj. mokkha & pāmokkha (q. v.). Note. A poetical instr. sg. mukhasā is found at Pvi.23 & i.32, as if the nom. were mukho (s -- stem). -- The abl. mukhā is used as adv. "in front of, before," in cpd. sam˚ & param˚, e. g. PvA 13. See each sep.

 -- ādhāna (1) the bit of a bridle M i.446; (2) setting of the mouth, i. e. mouth -- enclosure, rim of the m.; in m. siliṭṭhaŋ a well -- connected, well -- defined mouth -- contour DhsA 15 (not with trsl. "opens lightly," but better with note "is well adjusted," see Expos. 19, where write ˚ādhāna for ˚ādāna). -- āsiya (? cp. āsita1) to be eaten by the mouth DhsA 330 (mukhena asitabba). -- ullokana looking into a person's face, i. e. cheerful, bright, perhaps also flattering DhAii.193 (as ˚olokana). -- ullokika flattering (cp. above) Nd1 249 (puthu Satthārānaŋ m. puthujjana); PvA 219. -- odaka water for rinsing the mouth Nd2391=Miln 370; VvA 65; DhA ii.19; iv.28. -- ja born in (or from) the mouth, i. e. a tooth J vi.219. -- tuṇḍa a beak VvA 227 [cp. BSk. mukhatuṇḍaka Divy 387]. -- dugga one whose mouth is a difficult road, i. e. one who uses his mouth (speech) badly Sn 664 (v. l. ˚dukkha). -- dūsi blemishes of the face, a rash on the face DA i.223 (m. -- dosa ibid.). -- dvāra mouth opening PvA 180. -- dhovana -- ṭṭhāna place for rinsing the mouth, "lavatory" DhA ii.184. -- puñchana wiping one's mouth Vin i.297. -- pūra filling the mouth, a mouthful, i. e. as much as to fill the mouth J vi.350. -- pūraka mouth -- filling Vism 106. -- bheri a musical instrument, "mouth -- drum," mouthorgan (?) Nd2 219 B; SnA 86. -- makkaṭika a grimace (like that of a monkey) of the face J ii.70, 448 (T. makkaṭiya). -- vaṭṭi "opening -- circumference," i. e. brim, edge, rim DhA ii.5 (of the Lohakumbhi purgatory, cp. J iii.43 lohakumbha -- mukhavaṭṭi); DhA iii.58 (of a gong). -- vaṇṇa the features PvA 122, 124. -- vikāra contortion of the mouth J ii.448. -- vikūṇa (=vikāra) grimace SnA 30. -- sankocana distortion or contraction of the mouth, as a sign of displeasure DhA ii.270; cp. mukha -- sankoca Vism 26. -- saññata controlling one's mouth (i. e. speech) Dh 363, cp. DhA iv.93.